car braking system?

*When the brake pedal is pressed by driver, the car transmits the force from driver's foot to its brakes by using the leverage and hydraulic principles in the car braking system.

a)What is the aim of using the leverage and hydraulic systems?

b)Pascal’s principle is used in the hydraulic system. State the Pascal’s principle.

c)If the distance from the brake pedal to the pivot is 2 times larger than that from the cylinder to the pivot, and the ratio of the radius of the brake (slave) cylinder to that of the pedal (master) cylinder is 4. How many times of the force of the driver’s leg being magnified to stop the car?

d)Skid marks are produced on the road surface by applying an emergency braking due to the friction between the tyres and the road surface. Explain how the skid marks are made.

e)What happens to the friction if it is raining? Will the stopping distance of the car being affected?

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