how do bacteria eat food?
Eukaryotic cells ingest food through endocytosis where the outer membrane folds inwards and then pinches off forming a vesicle. It is likely that the other organelles also form from such vesicles.
But what about bacteria?
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They use respiration to break down the food. Most bacteria need oxygen for this process. Some bacteria do not need oxygen for this process. Still other bacteria are killed if they are exposed to oxygen. But they consume substances that's how they eat, and I think they do it by engulfing the food into the cell and digesting it.