They BOTH allow the transport of materials into and out of a cell. However, active transport requires the use of energy by the cell. This is because what the cell is transporting is usually AGAINST the concentration gradient. In other words from low to high concentration.
Passive transport requires no energy output by the cell. Small molecules like H2O, CO2 CO etc, simply go through the cell wall as they are needed. Usually with the concentration gradient. From high to low.
It is important for cells to control what enters and exits the cell. The transport of materials to and fro is controlled by the selectively permeable cell membrane. This means that it will allow spontaneous passage of some materials but others must use special processes to get across.
There are two main types of cell transport:
Passive transport- does not require energy
Active transport- requires energy in the form of ATP
Passive Transport
Diffusion
It is seen that molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to concentration gradients existing. The movement of like molecules down a concentration gradient that is from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration is called as diffusion. Diffusion is a passive process, as it does not need energy in the form of ATP. Most molecules like are able to cross the cell membrane passively simply diffusing across it. Passive transport follows a concentration gradient.
The ability of cells to get oxygen to fuel the electron transport depends on the ability of oxygen to diffuse through the membranes into the cell. Similarly the carbon dioxide which is created as a product of cellular respiration passively diffuses out of the cell through the cell membrane. Small polar uncharged molecules can pass through easily. This process moves with the concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion is also a passive process of diffusion but this process uses membrane proteins called carrier proteins to help in the process. There are three types of transport proteins-uniport, symport and antiport.
Uniport proteins carry a single solute across the membrane.
Symport proteins translocate two different solutes simultaneously in the same direction.
Antiport proteins exchange teo solute by transporting one into the cell and one out of the cell.
Active Transport
Active transport is the net movement of dissolved particles against the concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins. This process needs energy in the form of ATP. The ATP donates a phosphate to a specific gateway molecule which then “pumps” the desired molecule across the membrane, even if it goes against a concentration gradient. Thus ATP energy is used to drive the pump.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Vesicles, small sacs made of membranes, can transport and store substances within the cytoplasm. Active transport is used to transport large molecules by a process called as:
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Endocytosis is the process in which the cell membrane is invaginated forming a vesicle that contains extracellular medium. In endocytosis the particles to be transported are enclosed in small portions of the cell membrane to form vesicles. This enclosed particle is then bought into the cell by using energy in the form of ATP.
Exocytosis is used by the cells to release secreted proteins to the exterior. Expulsion of waste products takes place by exocytosis. This process is the reverse of endocytosis in which the cell membrane fuses with the particle and releases the contents outside.
Answers & Comments
Verified answer
Active transport and Passive diffusion are both transport mechanism that allows the passage of material in and out of the cell.
They BOTH allow the transport of materials into and out of a cell. However, active transport requires the use of energy by the cell. This is because what the cell is transporting is usually AGAINST the concentration gradient. In other words from low to high concentration.
Passive transport requires no energy output by the cell. Small molecules like H2O, CO2 CO etc, simply go through the cell wall as they are needed. Usually with the concentration gradient. From high to low.
Active Transport and Passive Transport
It is important for cells to control what enters and exits the cell. The transport of materials to and fro is controlled by the selectively permeable cell membrane. This means that it will allow spontaneous passage of some materials but others must use special processes to get across.
There are two main types of cell transport:
Passive transport- does not require energy
Active transport- requires energy in the form of ATP
Passive Transport
Diffusion
It is seen that molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to concentration gradients existing. The movement of like molecules down a concentration gradient that is from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration is called as diffusion. Diffusion is a passive process, as it does not need energy in the form of ATP. Most molecules like are able to cross the cell membrane passively simply diffusing across it. Passive transport follows a concentration gradient.
The ability of cells to get oxygen to fuel the electron transport depends on the ability of oxygen to diffuse through the membranes into the cell. Similarly the carbon dioxide which is created as a product of cellular respiration passively diffuses out of the cell through the cell membrane. Small polar uncharged molecules can pass through easily. This process moves with the concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion is also a passive process of diffusion but this process uses membrane proteins called carrier proteins to help in the process. There are three types of transport proteins-uniport, symport and antiport.
Uniport proteins carry a single solute across the membrane.
Symport proteins translocate two different solutes simultaneously in the same direction.
Antiport proteins exchange teo solute by transporting one into the cell and one out of the cell.
Active Transport
Active transport is the net movement of dissolved particles against the concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins. This process needs energy in the form of ATP. The ATP donates a phosphate to a specific gateway molecule which then “pumps” the desired molecule across the membrane, even if it goes against a concentration gradient. Thus ATP energy is used to drive the pump.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Vesicles, small sacs made of membranes, can transport and store substances within the cytoplasm. Active transport is used to transport large molecules by a process called as:
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Endocytosis is the process in which the cell membrane is invaginated forming a vesicle that contains extracellular medium. In endocytosis the particles to be transported are enclosed in small portions of the cell membrane to form vesicles. This enclosed particle is then bought into the cell by using energy in the form of ATP.
Exocytosis is used by the cells to release secreted proteins to the exterior. Expulsion of waste products takes place by exocytosis. This process is the reverse of endocytosis in which the cell membrane fuses with the particle and releases the contents outside.
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